a School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti

Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia

^bInstitute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Universiti

Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia

^cInstitute of Science (IOS), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,

Malaysia

d Energy Storage Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia

e Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, 43800, Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia

In this work, various anti-reflection coatings, a single-layer anti-reflective coating (SLARC), and a double-layer anti-reflective coating (DLARC) were used to optimise the efficiency performance of GaAs/p-Si based solar cells using the PC1D simulator. PC1D simulation software is used to simulate the GaAs/p-Si solar cell structures. The different types of ARCs were applied to GaAs/Si solar cells using the ZnO SLARC and ZnO/TiO2 DLARC. The highest efficiency recorded is 23.42%, achieved by the ZnO SLARC with a thickness of 78.411 nm at a wavelength of 600 nm. This is closely followed by the ZnO/TiO2 DLARC, which exhibits a slightly lower efficiency of 23.04% at a wavelength of 500 nm, with thicknesses of 63.516 nm and 50.403 nm, respectively. The I-V curves showed that ZnO SLARC and ZnO/TiO2 DLARC had higher current responses compared to without ARC. We found that both ARC schemes have the potential to reduce the reflection loss and increase the performance of GaAs/Si-based solar cells.