^aFaculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

^bFakulti Kejuruteraan Teknologi Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Malaysia

Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

CIGS has shown significant potential for cost-effective and efficient photovoltaic applications, with efficiency often exceeding 20%. However, further improvements in cell performance are needed to reduce production costs. Thus, this study proposes an ultra-thin structure for CIGS solar cells by modifying the absorber layer thickness and composition.

SCAPS software was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed design, such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF%), and conversion efficiency (ŋ%). Results showed that ultra-thin solar cells with the proposed GnP and CGS absorber layers are ideal due to their greater ŋ%, 25.33%.