a R P Sarathy Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India

b Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India

c AVS Engineering College, Salem, Tamilnadu, India

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has garnered significant attention in photovoltaic research due to its exceptional optical and electronic properties, which complement traditional silicon (Si) solar cells. This work investigates the characteristics of integrating nanostructured ZnO layers over silicon substrates to enhance the performance of silicon solar cells. It also discusses the fabrication techniques for depositing ZnO on silicon, such as sol-gel method and highlights the performance of Zno with various analysis. Additionally, the potential of ZnO/Si hetero junctions in reducing recombination losses and enhancing the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current in solar cells have been discussed. The findings suggest that the integration of ZnO into silicon solar cells paves the way for more cost-effective and scalable photovoltaic solutions.