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Koyambo-Konzapa Stève-Jonathan 4,*, Viruthachalam Ramasamy Raja 5
1 Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirapalli 620020, India;
2 Thiagarajar College, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625009, India;
3 Sona College of Technology, Affiliated to Anna University, Salem 636005, India;
4 Laboratoire Matiere, Energie et Rayonnement (LAMER), University of Bangui, Bangui B.P. 1450, Central African Republic;
5 Mannar Thirumalai Naicker College, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625004, India
* Correspondence: Venkataraman Balasubramanian, drvbsona@gmail.com; Koyambo-Konzapa Stève-Jonathan, koyamboj@yahoo.fr
Journal of Ovonic Research 2026, 22(1),91-104; https://doi.org/10.67229/JOR16608
A graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite (GO/HA) nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method and applied for the electrochemical determination of 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Structural, morphological, and functional group characterizations were carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of 4-AP at the GO/HA-modified glassy carbon electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The modified electrode exhibited enhanced electron-transfer kinetics toward 4-AP, achieving a low detection limit of 0.14 nM and a wide linear concentration range of 0.1–340 μM with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9974. The high sensitivity is attributed to the synergistic effect of graphene oxide and porous hydroxyapatite within the nanocomposite. The proposed GO/HA-based sensing platform is rapid, simple, and sensitive, demonstrating potential applicability for the determination of 4-AP in pharmaceutical formulations and industrial wastewater samples.
