¹ Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur;

² Physics Department, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional, Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;

³ Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara Pahang, 26400 Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

* Correspondence: azuraida@upnm.edu.my,

This article reports the influence of thulium oxide, Tm₂O₃ on radiation shielding parameters of {[(B₂O₃)_0.25(TeO₂)_0.75]_0.75 [(Bi₂O₃)_0.25]}_1-x [Tm₂O₃]_x glass system. The Xcom, Phy-X, and NgCal software are specialized tools designed to evaluate the radiation shielding properties: mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer, mean free path, atomic cross-section, electronic cross-section, effective atomic number, and effective electron density. The radiation performance of the bismuth-boro-tellurite glass reaches its best when the Tm₂O₃ is at 0.030 mol%. The incorporation of thulium significantly improves the glass network density and enhances the gamma-ray attenuation ability, suggesting its potential as an efficient and eco-friendly radiation shielding material.